Docker进阶

容器命令

docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]J基本命令

OPTIONS说明
- --name=容器新名字为容器指定一个名称
```
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name=my_ubuntu ubuntu /bin/bash
```
- -d后台运行容器，并返回容器ID，就是启动守护式容器（后台运行）
- -i以交互模式运行容器，通常与-t同时使用
- -t为容器分配一个伪输入终端，通常与-i同时使用
```
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash 
```
- -P随机分配端口（大写）
- -p指定分配端口（小写）
docker ps列出所有正在运行的实例

OPTIONS说明
- -a列出所有正在运行的容器以及历史上运行过的
- -l显示最近创建的容器
- -n num显示最近创建的num个容器
- -q静默模式，只显示容器的ID
exit在容器内部使用该命令退出，容器停止
ctrl+p+q在容器内部使用该命令退出容器，但是后台继续运行
docker start 容器ID|容器名称 启动容器
docker restart 容器ID|容器名称 重启容器
docker stop 容器ID|容器名称 停止容器
docker kill 容器ID|容器名称 强制停止容器
docker rm 容器ID|容器名称 删除已停止的容器

-f强制删除
```
docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q) #删除全部容器
```
docker logs 容器ID|容器名称 查看实例运行的日志
docker top 容器ID|容器名称 查看容器内部的运行进程

docker inspect 容器ID|容器名称 查看容器内部的细节

[root@localhost /]# docker inspect 201ee0f0e066
[
    {
        "Id": "201ee0f0e066f2f685a81778ebda162cf16a00ceb56b103a4b2349ff6a1bfc51",
        "Created": "2023-02-23T05:42:50.600374754Z",
        "Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh",
        "Args": [
            "redis-server"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 12109,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2023-02-23T05:42:51.129776954Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:16ecd277293476392b71021cdd585c40ad68f4a7488752eede95928735e39df4",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/201ee0f0e066f2f685a81778ebda162cf16a00ceb56b103a4b2349ff6a1bfc51/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/201ee0f0e066f2f685a81778ebda162cf16a00ceb56b103a4b2349ff6a1bfc51/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/201ee0f0e066f2f685a81778ebda162cf16a00ceb56b103a4b2349ff6a1bfc51/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/201ee0f0e066f2f685a81778ebda162cf16a00ceb56b103a4b2349ff6a1bfc51/201ee0f0e066f2f685a81778ebda162cf16a00ceb56b103a4b2349ff6a1bfc51-json.log",
        "Name": "/my_redis",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "ConsoleSize": [
                23,
                116
            ],
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": [],
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": [],
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": [],
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/145e020b8af46eb498ff733e9fdd936aa7683fa349427c11b0c3293b50682b58-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a0a5e8c6eb47686e0c8285c3808a31f261d2618ef418ff1fb9ffe829383ccc1c/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2c985bc6807ddcbb1b121f1a70acc71b062e3f6ff46e54f8eee89932b71ee4ec/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/92b4ad43e9d71cf23b6faeffd909b6fd45ab9bd92e2c13ab6c7b575671fce663/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7bc3017228eadbdfcf74a1f314fa7b0dda21f609ec785fd8f3f581d2fd8d328c/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3ae45773c030dbb58d4a36b5cdee19b613cedada96a3924388dd92d2a63c9ae2/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3a7991dc887dc9f1f59be4bc5a221eff5fae395f1a08d1d9418306af7a2a4077/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/145e020b8af46eb498ff733e9fdd936aa7683fa349427c11b0c3293b50682b58/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/145e020b8af46eb498ff733e9fdd936aa7683fa349427c11b0c3293b50682b58/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/145e020b8af46eb498ff733e9fdd936aa7683fa349427c11b0c3293b50682b58/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [
            {
                "Type": "volume",
                "Name": "a2a875de809671355c501cc92aef3ef6a394e893a73b40b3f69827b2ab1abe7d",
                "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/a2a875de809671355c501cc92aef3ef6a394e893a73b40b3f69827b2ab1abe7d/_data",
                "Destination": "/data",
                "Driver": "local",
                "Mode": "",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": ""
            }
        ],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "201ee0f0e066",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "6379/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "GOSU_VERSION=1.12",
                "REDIS_VERSION=6.0.8",
                "REDIS_DOWNLOAD_URL=http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-6.0.8.tar.gz",
                "REDIS_DOWNLOAD_SHA=04fa1fddc39bd1aecb6739dd5dd73858a3515b427acd1e2947a66dadce868d68"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "redis-server"
            ],
            "Image": "redis:6.0.8",
            "Volumes": {
                "/data": {}
            },
            "WorkingDir": "/data",
            "Entrypoint": [
                "docker-entrypoint.sh"
            ],
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {}
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "51036380c26087df1309c90d57f749d3496b1fddcc3ca67b0209bfada0fe5c53",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {
                "6379/tcp": null
            },
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/51036380c260",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "39abfccf67cb2d5604bb0cf01ea203daf1d3ee3a852a8999c66d37e88c0e6e75",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "85e20ab616803f9c79cad58520c8fc16412e44b3f18d082ce68d5ca5beb68c06",
                    "EndpointID": "39abfccf67cb2d5604bb0cf01ea203daf1d3ee3a852a8999c66d37e88c0e6e75",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

docker exec -it 容器ID|容器名称 bash 重新进入容器内（需要容器实例正在运行中）
docker attach 容器ID|容器名称 重新进去容器内

问：使用exec和attach的区别是什么？

答：attach直接进入容器终端，使用exit命令退出，会导致容器停止；exit启动新终端进入容器，使用exit命令不会导致容器停止
docker cp 容器ID|容器名称:容器路径主机路径复制容器内的文件到宿主机

反之，宿主机的也可以复制到容器内
docker export 镜像ID|镜像名称 > 文件名.tar 把容器的内容导出到一个tar文件
cat 文件名.tar | docker import - 镜像用户/镜像名:镜像版本号

前后台启动区别
- 前台交互启动
```
docker run -it redis:6.0.8
```
  适用于需要交互或者无法一直运行中的实例
- 后台守护启动
```
docker run -d redis:6.0.8
```

视频教程资料

attach    Attach to a running container                 # 当前 shell 下 attach 连接指定运行镜像
build     Build an image from a Dockerfile              # 通过 Dockerfile 定制镜像
commit    Create a new image from a container changes   # 提交当前容器为新的镜像
cp        Copy files/folders from the containers filesystem to the host path   #从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中
create    Create a new container                        # 创建一个新的容器，同 run，但不启动容器
diff      Inspect changes on a container's filesystem   # 查看 docker 容器变化
events    Get real time events from the server          # 从 docker 服务获取容器实时事件
exec      Run a command in an existing container        # 在已存在的容器上运行命令
export    Stream the contents of a container as a tar archive   # 导出容器的内容流作为一个 tar 归档文件[对应 import ]
history   Show the history of an image                  # 展示一个镜像形成历史

iages    List images                                   # 列出系统当前镜像
import    Create a new filesystem image from the contents of a tarball # 从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统映像[对应export]
info      Display system-wide information               # 显示系统相关信息
inspect   Return low-level information on a container   # 查看容器详细信息
kill      Kill a running container                      # kill 指定 docker 容器
load      Load an image from a tar archive              # 从一个 tar 包中加载一个镜像[对应 save]
login     Register or Login to the docker registry server    # 注册或者登陆一个 docker 源服务器
logout    Log out from a Docker registry server          # 从当前 Docker registry 退出
logs      Fetch the logs of a container                 # 输出当前容器日志信息
port      Lookup the public-facing port which is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_PORT    # 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
pause     Pause all processes within a container        # 暂停容器
ps        List containers                               # 列出容器列表
pull      Pull an image or a repository from the docker registry server   # 从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像
push      Push an image or a repository to the docker registry server    # 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器
restart   Restart a running container                   # 重启运行的容器
rm        Remove one or more containers                 # 移除一个或者多个容器
rmi       Remove one or more images       # 移除一个或多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像才可删除，否则需删除相关容器才可继续或 -f 强制删除]
run       Run a command in a new container              # 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
save      Save an image to a tar archive                # 保存一个镜像为一个 tar 包[对应 load]
search    Search for an image on the Docker Hub         # 在 docker hub 中搜索镜像
start     Start a stopped containers                    # 启动容器
stop      Stop a running containers                     # 停止容器
tag       Tag an image into a repository                # 给源中镜像打标签
top       Lookup the running processes of a container   # 查看容器中运行的进程信息
unpause   Unpause a paused container                    # 取消暂停容器
version   Show the docker version information           # 查看 docker 版本号
wait      Block until a container stops, then print its exit code   # 截取容器停止时的退出状态值

容器命令

前后台启动区别

视频教程资料

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